The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.